Tandur IoT: Precision Drip Water Irrigation System

Overview

Tandur is a final year capstone project focused on developing IoT-based agriculture, implementing LoRa (Long Range) and websocket technology to monitor plant conditions

Tandur allows users to select specific plants, such as tomatoes, strawberries, or chili, based on their unique water requirements. Utilizing a water dripping method instead of conventional sprinklers or irrigation techniques, Tandur ensures water efficiency. The system calculates optimal amount of water needed for plant growth using evaporation and plant-specific formulas. This approach not only conserves water but also supports healthy and sustainable plant growth, tailored to each plant’s needs.

How It Works

Tandur IoT system operates through three key components: Electrical System, Server, and User Interface. Each component plays a vital role in ensuring seamless operation of smart irrigation system.

a. Electrical (Physical Device and Sensor)

Electrical System consists of sensors and ESP32 LoRa module. The humidity and water debit sensors measure soil moisture and water flow. When the system detects that the soil is dry or water levels are low, it sends this data to ESP32 LoRa module. Based on these readings, ESP32 can turn water pump on or off, activating water dripping system to irrigate plants efficiently. The sensors constantly monitor plant conditions to ensure that correct amount of water is supplied when needed.

b. Server

Data from ESP32 LoRa module is sent to an IoT server like Antares (similar to ThinkSpeak), which collects and stores the data. The server uses websocket technology with socket.io to provide real-time data transmission. This allows the system to send updates instantly to user interface. The server continuously listens for new data from sensors, ensuring that system responds to real-time changes in plant conditions.

c. User Interface (Next.js App)

User Interface is built with Next.js, where all the collected data is displayed for users to view and interact with. The system integrates with Firebase for user authentication, securely storing user credentials. The UI also provides real-time weather data, sourced from SolCast and OpenWeather APIs, allowing users to monitor local conditions that influence irrigation decisions. Through the interface, users can track performance of the irrigation system, see historical data, and manage their plants more effectively.

Features

Real-Time Plant Monitoring

• Deployed ESP32 LoRa nodes to capture and transmit plant condition data wirelessly.
• Utilized websockets to integrate real-time data into a web application.

Weather and Water Pump Integration

• Integrated SolCast and OpenWeather APIs to provide localized weather data.
• Provide essential information such as temperature, humidity, and sunlight.

Smart Irrigation System

• Automatic water pump control: The system automatically activates water pump when the weather and soil conditions are dry.
• Reduces water wastage and ensures plants receive adequate hydration during dry periods.

Screenshots

1. Tandur login page

Login page allows users to sign in to Tandur IoT dashboard using credentials provided by our team. There is no option to sign up independently because the service requires on-site installation of IoT devices at the user’s farm. Once the devices are installed, users can access their accounts with pre-provided credentials to manage their farm effectively.

2. Tandur select plant page

The select plant page enables users to choose the type of plant they are growing, such as tomatoes, strawberries, or chili. Users can also specify the number of pots for each plant. This feature is crucial as different plants have unique water requirements. By using the water dripping method for irrigation, Tandur ensures optimal water efficiency compared to sprinklers or conventional irrigation. The system calculates the precise amount of water needed using evaporation and plant-specific formulas, promoting efficient water usage while supporting healthy plant growth.

3. Tandur dashboard page

The dashboard provides users with real-time insights into farm conditions. It displays current weather metrics such as humidity, temperature, and sun radiation, along with water usage statistics and the state of the water pump (on/off). Additionally, users can review historical data generated by the system, including logs of water pump activity. This comprehensive view helps users make informed decisions about farm management and resource usage.

Actual Device

Achievements

• Capstone Best Presentation: Recognized as the top-performing team among 38 participants.

Acknowledgements

I would like to express our sincere gratitude to following individuals for their invaluable contributions to the development of Tandur IoT system:

• Ave Syah Shina
• Ilham Sukarsa
• Muhammad Rasyid

Without their hard work and collaboration, this project would not have been possible. Thank you for your support and commitment to the success of Tandur.